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Irving Berlin
Irving Berlin (born Israel Isidore Baline, May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was a Russian-born American composer and lyricist. Widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in American history, his music forms a great part of the Great American Songbook. He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", in 1907, receiving 37 cents for the publishing rights,〔Starr, Larry and Waterman, Christopher, American Popular Music: From Minstrelsy to MP3, Oxford University Press, 2009, pg. 64〕 and had his first major international hit, "Alexander's Ragtime Band" in 1911. He also was an owner of the Music Box Theatre on Broadway.
"Alexander's Ragtime Band" sparked an international dance craze in places as far away as Berlin's native Russia, which also "flung itself into the ragtime beat with an abandon bordering on mania." Over the years he was known for writing music and lyrics in the American vernacular: uncomplicated, simple and direct, with his stated aim being to "reach the heart of the average American," whom he saw as the "real soul of the country."〔 In doing so, said Walter Cronkite, at Berlin's 100th birthday tribute, he "helped write the story of this country, capturing the best of who we are and the dreams that shape our lives."〔(Carnegie Hall, May 27, 1988 ), Irving Berlin's 100th birthday celebration〕
He wrote hundreds of songs, many becoming major hits, which made him "a legend" before he turned thirty. During his 60-year career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs, including the scores for 19 Broadway shows and 18 Hollywood films, with his songs nominated eight times for Academy Awards. Many songs became popular themes and anthems, including "Easter Parade", "White Christmas", "Happy Holiday", "This Is the Army, Mr. Jones", and "There's No Business Like Show Business". His Broadway musical and 1942 film, ''This is the Army'', with Ronald Reagan, had Kate Smith singing Berlin's "God Bless America" which was first performed in 1938.〔("Kate Smith, "God Bless America" ), 5 min.〕 Smith still performed the song on her 1960 CBS television series, ''The Kate Smith Show''. After the September 11 attacks in 2001, Celine Dion recorded it as a tribute, making it no. 1 on the charts.
Berlin's songs have reached the top of the charts 25 times and have been extensively re-recorded by numerous singers including Eddie Fisher, Al Jolson, Fred Astaire, Ethel Merman, Louis Armstrong, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Deana Martin, Ethel Waters, Judy Garland, Barbra Streisand, Linda Ronstadt, Rosemary Clooney, Cher, Diana Ross, Bing Crosby, Rita Reys, Frankie Laine, Johnnie Ray, Billy Eckstine, Sarah Vaughan, Nat King Cole, Billie Holiday, Doris Day, Jerry Garcia, Willie Nelson, Bob Dylan and Ella Fitzgerald. Composer Douglas Moore sets Berlin apart from all other contemporary songwriters, and includes him instead with Stephen Foster, Walt Whitman, and Carl Sandburg, as a "great American minstrel"—someone who has "caught and immortalized in his songs what we say, what we think about, and what we believe."〔 Composer George Gershwin called him "the greatest songwriter that has ever lived",〔 composer Cole Porter wrote, "You're the top! You're a Waldorf salad, You're the top! You're a Berlin ballad," in the great list song "You're the Top" from "Anything Goes" 〔http://genius.com/Cole-porter-youre-the-top-lyrics〕 and composer Jerome Kern concluded that "Irving Berlin has no ''place'' in American music—he ''is'' American music.".〔
==Early life==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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